1. Which of the following statements relating to Z-spread, Option-adjusted spread (OAS) and option cost for callable and putable bonds is/are most likely correct?

I: For callable bonds, Z-spread is greater than OAS and option cost is greater than 0
II: For callable bonds, Z-spread is less than OAS and option cost is greater than 0
III: For putable bonds, Z-spread is less than OAS and option cost is greater than 0

2. Company XYZ purchases land for USD5,000,000. XYZ intends to hold the land for a long term (20 years) and rent the land out to generate income. Under IFRS, at which price is the company allowed to use on its financial reports for the value of the land:

I. USD5,000,000
II. The current market price

3. You are provided with the following information on a non-callable, non-convertible preferred stock:

Face value: GBP65.00
Annual dividend: GBP6.35
Maturity: Perpetual
Embedded options: None
Required rate of return: 8.75%

The intrinsic value of this stock is closest to:

4. Asmita Mack, CFA, lives in the country of Onionland. Each morning, Asmita crosses the border to the neighboring country of WDC where she manages client portfolios. This morning, a positive earnings report was announced for HawkBlack, Inc. (ticker KANE). Asmita would like to invest in the stock and believes it would benefit her clients as well. WDC has a law that restricts portfolio managers from investing in securities owned by their clients. Onionland has no such law.

To comply with the Standard, what is the minimum that Asmita must do?

5. The commodity market initially grew due to producers desiring a hedging vehicle. Recently institutions like pension plans and hedge funds have looked to commodities as a way to diversify and grow, respectively.

Which of the following least describes the impact this institutional money has had: